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Exam 2: Defining and Measuring Energy

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Question 41

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During a muscle contraction, what happens immediately after calcium binds to troponin?

A) Myosin detaches from actin.
B) Troponin pushes tropomyosin away, exposing binding sites on actin.
C) Acrossbridge is formed.
D) The power stroke occurs.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 42

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Those who work with athletes, particularly endurance athletes, should use the Cunningham equation to predict RMR because it may better account for the higher amount of lean body mass in trained athletes.

A) True
B) False

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Question 43

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The size and complexity of which device makes them unsuitable for measuring energy expenditure for short time intervals, particularly less than 30 minutes?

It has long been known that a starvation state can reduce resting metabolic rate by ____ percent or more.

What contributes the smallest amount of energy expended over a 24-hour period?

The most variable aspect of daily energy expenditure is the amount of energy expended through _______________.

Which equation used to predict resting metabolic rate may better account for the higher amount of lean body mass in trained athletes?

Bioenergetics is the process of converting food into biologically useful forms of energy

Which equation most accurately predicts resting metabolic rate in healthy Caucasian adults?

A simple and commonly used estimate of resting energy expenditure is 1 kcal per kilogram body weight per hour for both men and women.

Select the key term that is most associated with the description below. Each term is used only once. a. Commonly used in exercise physiology laboratories to determine the oxygen consumption and energy expenditure response to exercise, in some cases to determine maximal oxygen consumption b. Ability to measure accurately what was intended to be measured c. Used to directly measure the thermal energy of food d. Can measure both direct and indirect calorimetry e. Ability to reproduce a measurement and/or the consistency of repeated measurements f. Level of energy expenditure equal to that measured at rest g. Energy of motion h. Used in free-living situations to measure energy expenditure over weeks i. A protein-containing compound that catalyzes biochemical reactions j. Stored energy -Bomb calorimeter

Describe each step of a muscle contraction. Answer Key

The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy is ____.

The thin contractile protein of a muscle cell is known as ____.

Studies have shown that people with more fat-free mass have higher _______________ than those with less fat-free mass.

Distinguish between direct and indirect calorimetry. Compare and contrast several different measures of indirect calorimetry, considering accuracy and ease of use.

The maintenance of the distribution of ions across cell membranes is an example of ____ work.

Energy is the ____.

EER is based on age, gender, weight, height, and ____.

As stored energy is released to perform some type of work, it is referred to as ____.